simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which …This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …

In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … identifies a causal impact of police on crime. Implementing an instrumental variable approach shows an elasticity of crime with … respect to police of approximately -0.3, so that a 10 percent increase in police activity reduces crime by around 3 percent. …

This paper argues that terrorism, beyond its immediate impact on innocent victims, also raises the costs of crime, and … therefore, imposes a negative externality on potential criminals. Terrorism raises the costs of crime through two channels: (i …) by increasing the presence and activity of the police force, and (ii) causing more people to stay at home rather than …

presented points to a causal effect of the IGESP on crime. The most conservative estimates indicate a reduction of 24% in … property crimes and 13% in personal crimes. There is also evidence that the IGESP is associated with improved police response … represented by the program may constitute a first-order factor in a successful policy for fighting crime. …

More policing reduces crime but little is known about the mechanism. Does policing deter crime by reducing its … between policing and arrests. During shift changes a peculiar redeployment of police patrols belonging to separate police … that criminals exploit these dips in police performance. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that incapacitation …

known about the effects of private police on crime. The current study examines the relationship between a privately …-funded university police force and crime in a large U.S. city. Following an expansion of the jurisdictional boundary of the private … police force, we see no short-term change in crime. However, using a geographic regression discontinuity approach, we find …

speeding and gasoline prices. This presents a new methodology of deriving the 'Value of Time' (VOT) based on the intensive …

. We explore the fact that plants face varying degrees of exposure to global markets and to the enforcement of labor market … administrative data on employers matched to their employees and on the enforcement of labor regulations at the city level over Brazil … regulations, that after a trade shock, plants facing stricter enforcement of the labor law decrease job creation and increase job …

, through increasing enforcement of existing regulations. We conducted a field experiment in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in order to … enforcement visit from a municipal inspector; while the fourth group was assigned to have a neighboring firm receive an … enforcement visit to see if enforcement has spillovers. We find zero or negative impacts of information and free cost treatments …

We provide an analysis of enforcement policies applicable to formal sector in dual labor markets. We use a framework … with heterogeneous firms, endogenous determination of informal wage and politically dictated enforcement strategies. Firms … of hiring workers in the informal labor market. Thus enforcement of labor laws and other regulations should not have …