This study is the first to provide a systematic measure of bribery using micro-level data on reported earnings … compensation in the public sector. Using the conditions of labor market equilibrium, we develop an aggregate measure of bribery and … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 …

are desperate, vulnerable, or demanding services particularly prone to corruption. The effect is strongest for bribery of … likely than non-victims to bribe public officials. Misfortune increases victims’ demand for public services, raising bribery … the police, where the increase in bribery comes principally through increased use of the police. For the judiciary the …

: doubling household consumption increases the bribery probability by 0.2-0.4 percentage points in Peru, compared to a bribery … rate of 0.8%; doubling household expenditure in Uganda increases the bribery probability by 1.2 percentage points compared … to a bribery rate of 17%. The income elasticity of the bribe amount cannot be precisely estimated in Peru, but is about 0 …

In this paper we present and test a theory of how political corruption, found in many transition and emerging market … institutions that do not punish political corruption result in political connectedness of firms that in turn has a negative effect …

We examine the effects of emigration and remittances on the corruption experience of migrant household members staying … in the countries of origin. We hypothesize that the effects of emigration on corruption can be both positive (via migrant …

are laid out and credibly enforced. Our findings suggest a changing anatomy of corruption, where transgressors keep one …

Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … suggest that (a) lobbying and corruption are fundamentally different, (b) political institutions play a major role in …

per diem compensation increases it. We also show that corruption in home country has a negative effect on attendance for …