, decrease with anti-competitive regulation in upstream sectors and increase with the industry specific output gap; ii) decrease … with the national output gap, increase with the national employment rate and decrease with employment protection regulation …

new light on this question by comparing pre- and post-crisis migration movements at the regional level in both Europe and … in Europe. Indeed, in contrast to the pre-crisis situation and the findings of previous empirical studies, there is … tentative evidence that the migration response to the crisis has been considerable in Europe, in contrast to the United States …

supply elasticities for Western Europe and the US. We also investigate the relative contribution of different methodological …, both in the US and in Europe. …

empirical sketch on to what extent Europe has already succeeded with respect to this ambitious goal. The result is quite … transitions pay); and fourth, efficient labour market regulation for better utilising existing capacities and restraining …

governments’ policies foster this contribution across Europe. The study stresses the relevance of policies which are ‘empowering …, indicating a relative cohesion in Europe. Yet, substantial variations exist in terms of higher education policy in Europe, each …