that did not. These findings support the hypothesis that production linkages and faceâ€toâ€face communication encourage …

communication costs between headquarters and production facilities within firms. When the unskilled have about the same wage in the … plants into the periphery. In particular, when the process of re-location is driven by falling communication costs, the …

the thickness of the market had been emphasized in the previous literature. Here we take account of communication networks … such as telephone, telex, fax, and the Internet. By doing so, we could illustrate the relationship between communication … networks and the make-or-buy decision. With communication network technology differing in each type of firm, both vertically …

This paper examines how the decline of communication costs between management and production facilities within firms …-unit/multi-plant firms. The development of information technology decreases the costs of communication and trade costs. Thus, the … fragmentation of firms is promoted. Our result indicates that, with decreasing communication costs, firms producing low trade …

circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic …