This paper investigates Japanese trade by mode of transport, i.e., air transport versus maritime shipping. Some facts … about Japanese machinery exports by mode of transport in the 1990s are examined first. Then it will be shown that products …

We examine transport modal decision by multinational firms to shed light on the role of freight logistics in … quantitatively large impact on the likelihood that air/sea transportation is chosen relative to truck shipping. This result is robust … to the shipping distance, cross-border freight, and transport infrastructure. Both foreign-owned exporters and importers …

By analyzing a comprehensive dataset on transport transactions in Japan, we describe a directional imbalance in freight … rates by transport mode and examine its potential sources, such as economies of density and directionally imbalanced … transport flow. There are certain numbers of observed links which show asymmetric transport costs. Instrumental variable …

considers transport activities. In the model, the trade coefficient takes the form of a potential function,and the equilibrium … features of the model are investigated by using the minimal setting, which comprises two non-transport sectors and three … regions. Because transport costs are given exogenously to facilitate study of their impacts, commodity prices are also …

This paper examines the conventional assumption that bilateral transport costs are symmetric. We develop an economic … geography model with transport sector in which asymmetric freight rates can occur as a result of density economies. Comparing … equilibrium and conclude that economies of density in transport flows can act as an agglomeration force. …

It is well know that transport charges are not symmetric: fronthaul and backhaul costs on a route may differ, because … in which transport costs are determined endogenously as a result of a search and matching process. It is shown that … economies or diseconomies of transport density emerge, depending on the search costs of transport firms and the relative …

Geographic distance is a standard proxy for transport costs under the simple assumption that freight fees increase … monotonically over space. Using the Japanese Census of Logistics, this paper examines the extent to which transport distance and … heterogeneity in transport costs and time across shipping modes. Consistent with an iceberg formulation of transport costs, distance …

analyze impacts of transport costs on the spatial patterns of economic agglomeration. We first identify prototypes from the … existing models, and explain the mechanism of how transport costs influence the balance between economic forces of … decreasing transport costs for different goods. …

regional price differentials play important roles in multi-regional settings, transport does not receive much attention in … existing models. This paper formulates a spatial CGE model that explicitly considers the transport sector and FOB/CIF prices …