illustration shows that the CFDI firms should have the highest productivity when trade costs between the U.S. and Mexico are low … consistent with this hypothesis for a period of relatively low trade costs. Our results indicate the importance of trade costs in …

transport flow. There are certain numbers of observed links which show asymmetric transport costs. Instrumental variable …

This paper examines the conventional assumption that bilateral transport costs are symmetric. We develop an economic …

-tariff barriers, other border clearance costs, transshipment costs and so on. Our simulation analysis for Asia includes several …

It is well know that transport charges are not symmetric: fronthaul and backhaul costs on a route may differ, because … in which transport costs are determined endogenously as a result of a search and matching process. It is shown that … economies or diseconomies of transport density emerge, depending on the search costs of transport firms and the relative …

Geographic distance is a standard proxy for transport costs under the simple assumption that freight fees increase … time affect freight costs across shipping modes, commodity groups, and prefecture pairs. The results show substantial … heterogeneity in transport costs and time across shipping modes. Consistent with an iceberg formulation of transport costs, distance …

analyze impacts of transport costs on the spatial patterns of economic agglomeration. We first identify prototypes from the … existing models, and explain the mechanism of how transport costs influence the balance between economic forces of … decreasing transport costs for different goods. …

This paper examines how the decline of communication costs between management and production facilities within firms … and the decrease in trade costs of manufactured goods affect the spatial organization of a two-region economy with multi …-unit/multi-plant firms. The development of information technology decreases the costs of communication and trade costs. Thus, the …