We analyse the contribution of land to production activity for Japanese manufacturing industries employing panel data of the firms. Since land is not necessarily held for production purpose, we check the concavity of the cost function to see whether production is conducted efficiently.

We analyse the contribution of land to production activity for Japanese manufacturing industries employing panel data of the firms. Since land is not necessarily held for production purpose, we check the concavity of the cost function to see whether production is conducted efficiently.