birth. To address endogeneity of fertility to labour income, we use the same-sex instrument (Angrist and Evans, 1998) in a … recovery of income 15 years after birth. Our IV estimates support this finding, but suggest a faster recovery of earnings … disaggregating the sample by years since third birth to estimate the time profile. …

sources of variation. Using fixed-effect models, and in line with previous results, parental leave is found to decrease each …

This paper studies the causal effect of the timing of first birth on highly educated women’s career outcomes using … exogenous variation in first birth timing induced by the occurrence of pregnancy loss before first birth. Contrasting previous …-fixed effects estimator based on panel data, from which the results suggest a larger slope decline in the wage profile post birth …

variation in birth spacing induced by pregnancy loss between the first two live births, the evidence provided in this paper … supports this hypothesis and suggest that delaying the second birth by one year, on average, increases the probability of re … income over a long time period after second birth. Also long-run wages are positively affected, with a more pronounced effect …