patents; however, most patent databases contain no information on whether patents have been commercialized, i.e., whether … innovations have been introduced in the market. This paper applies a new method to identify innovations in patent databases by … relating traditional patent quality indicators (patent renewal, patent equivalents and forward citations) to patent …

database on Swedish patents owned by individuals and small firms, this paper analyzes how different forms of external financing … influence the outcome when patents are commercialized. The estimations show that projects with soft government financing in the …