trade expansion. Specifically, we present a stages-of-growth model in which the four phenomena are jointly endogenous and …

The paper demonstrates how trade between developing countries can cause the divergence of long-run growth among these … trade occurs at any moment if the countries have different numbers of intermediate varieties. The country with a larger …

innovations have been introduced in the market. This paper applies a new method to identify innovations in patent databases by … forward citations. Further, successful innovations are most positively related to patent renewal. Based on the traditional … innovations can be predicted. The developed parameters may be used to identify innovations across sectors and regions in other …

industries. It addresses two questions. Has the free trade agreement between the EC and EFTA reinforced the disciplinary effect … competition of the free trade agreement, even though the disciplinary effect of imports originating from the less developed …

trade. Utility-maximizing agents opt between careers in specialized production and careers in predation. Three types of … security. Since changes in security have terms of trade effects, some producers may be hurt by enhanced security. We show cases …