A Quality-adjusted specification of labor is suggested which allow firms training to effect labor efficiency. To assess …

In Europe, accounting standards prevent larger expenditures on employer-sponsored training from being treated as … investments. Using Sweden as example, we discuss two consequences for training. First, the timing: training will be conducted when … income is large enough for training costs to be deducted without loss. This is more often possible during booms than …

A quality-adjusted specification of labor is suggested which allows firm training to affect labor efficiency. To assess … probability that training expenditures result in net decreases in total costs. Judging from the corresponding point estimates …

entrepreneurs with respect to commercialization as well as the rate of innovation. We find that stronger intellectual property … protection makes it more likely that entrepreneurs will commercialize by cooperating with incumbents rather than competing with …

entrepreneurs and how these actions depend upon the prevailing institutions. While institutions have extensively been examined for … their influences upon the freedoms and the incentives of entrepreneurs, and thereby upon the level of employment of … resources, this paper examines their influences upon the selection of entrepreneurs, and thereby upon the efficiency of that …

where adverse selection problems between entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and incumbents are present. We show that as …