We propose a model of trade agreements in which contracting is costly, and as a consequence the optimal agreement may … be incomplete. Inspite of its simplicity, the model yields rich predictions on the structure of the optimal trade … explicitly into account can help explain a number of key features of real trade agreements. …

The basic legal instrument in the WTO Agreement regulating domestic environmental policies is the GATT National …) in NT disputes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of this burden for trade liberalization and for the …

The National Treatment clause (NT) is the first-line defense in the GATT (and in most other trade agreements) against … internal taxation under the GATT. It is shown that despite severely restricting the freedom to set internal taxes, NT may …. Furthermore, it requires a high degree of economic sophistication on behalf of trade negotiators in order for this beneficial …

role of NT in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) from the perspective of economic theory. Having established …, here we focus on the understanding of the key terms implementing the purpose of NT by GATT and World Trade Organization … GATT, unbound by case-law interpretations of this provision. To make such proposals, we need to understand the role of the …

project aims to analyze the central instrument in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement for the regulation of trade in … goods – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT). The present study is one of two background studies for this …This study is part of The American Law Institute (ALI) project Legal and Economic Principles of World Trade Law. The …

variation across countries is the quality of democracy. Using panel data for 70 developing countries between 1970 and 2009 this … paper disentangles the relationship between globalization, democracy, and child health. Specifically the paper examines how … globalization and a country's democratic status and historical experience with democracy, respectively, affect infant mortality. In …

The Dispute Settlement (DS) system is a central feature of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement. This … compulsory and binding two-level mechanism for the adjudication of disputes between WTO Members is the most active among … WTO Dispute Settlement Data Set. The data set covers all 426 WTO disputes initiated through the official filing of a …

The purpose of this paper is to report some initial findings based on the WTO Dispute Settlement Data Set (Ver. 2 … of the Dispute Settlement (DS) system. It covers all 351 WTO disputes initiated through the official filing of a Request …

This paper discusses allocation of burden of proof in environmental disputes in the WTO system. Besides laying down the … natural principles that (i) the complainant carries the burden to (ii) make a prima facie case that its claim holds, WTO …

complainants, and/or over-represented as respondents in the WTO dispute settlement system. Most of this literature has focused on … claims made in each WTO dispute between 1995 and 2006, as well as a rough classification as to whether each specific claim …