Market competition is central to innovative activity, the diffusion process and macro-economic productivity growth …. Productivity growth at all levels comes about through institutional reconfiguration in response to the ongoing market process …. Stable and sustained long-term growth in output requires the continuous creation of new technological and commercial …

This paper analyzes the effect of an increase in patent scope on R&D and innovation. It presents a model where patent … duplication of R&D. The model predicts that an increase in patent scope can increase the probability of innovation if the … incumbent’s profit increase from innovation is large and the patented technology has a small advantage over the alternative …

growth. Data from the World Values Survey enable us to investigate tolerance–growth relationships for 54 countries. We … tolerance toward homosexuals is negatively related to growth. For tolerance toward people of a different race, we do not find …

We conduct an extensive robustness analysis of the relationship between trust and growth by investigating a later time …. We find that when outliers (especially China) are removed, the trust-growth relationship is no longer robust. On average …

entrepreneurial effort, entrepre-neurial innovation and capital investment. Because of these constraints, the entrepreneurial project …