origins. This paper analyzes one factor at a critical stage of human development: exposure to maternal stress from family … severe stress; the decrease in consumption of prescription drugs treating depression alone can be valued at nearly $ 1 … billion. More generally, our results point to in utero stress exposure as a potential cause of the rising incidence of several …

-country differences in informal institutions, measured by social trust. We note a number of theoretical mechanisms that could imply that … similar objective problems are more likely to be effectively dealt with in higher-trust societies. A set of panel estimates … and growth problems in low-trust countries. This finding sheds light on the differential market reactions to economic …

This paper reviews the literature on economic inequality and trust. Cross-country studies, within-country studies, and … experiments all suggest that economic inequality exerts a negative influence on trust. Four mechanisms are proposed to explain the …

We present new evidence on the influence of income inequality on generalized trust. Using individual panel data from … especially differences among people in the bottom half of the income distribution, are associated with lower trust. The … relationship between income inequality and trust is particularly strong for people with a strong aversion against income …

We conduct an extensive robustness analysis of the relationship between trust and growth by investigating a later time …. We find that when outliers (especially China) are removed, the trust-growth relationship is no longer robust. On average …, the trust coefficient is half as large as in previous findings. …

This paper estimates the effect of trust on internet use by studying the general population as well as second … generation immigrants in 29 European countries with ancestry in 87 nations. There is a significant positive effect of trust on … internet use. The positive trust effect is not universal to all media, as individuals with high trust are shown to consume less …

This paper estimates the intergenerational transmission of trust by studying second generation immigrants in 29 … European countries with ancestry in 87 nations. There is significant transmission of trust on the mother’s side. The … transmission is stronger in Northern Europe. Ancestry from more developed countries suggests a stronger transmission of trust, but …

This paper finds evidence that more democratic political institutions increase trust. Second generation immigrants with … country, those whose father was born in a more democratic country express higher trust than those whose father was born in a …