patents; however, most patent databases contain no information on whether patents have been commercialized, i.e., whether … innovations have been introduced in the market. This paper applies a new method to identify innovations in patent databases by … relating traditional patent quality indicators (patent renewal, patent equivalents and forward citations) to patent …

commercialization of inventions. If the patent holder commercializes his invention, he has stronger incentives to retain the patent. The …, I take into account defensive patent strategies (e.g. deterring competitors from utilizing the patent) and pointedly ask … if there are any third factors (quality of the patent) that affect the commercialization and renewal decisions. Using a …

Globalization, high growth rates in high-tech industries, growing emerging markets and harmonization of patent … the decision to patent in a foreign country depends on country characteristics and the quality of the patented invention … international patent protection increases with indicators of the quality of the invention and indicators of technological rivalry …

show improved commercialization performance when the patent is licensed or sold to an entrepreneur, or if the inventor is …