maximizing net economic returns. This is mainly done via industry media and lobbying expenditures. We find that the main results … indicate, for cigarettes, industrial media and lobbying expenditure is statistically significant on consumption. For petroleum …, we find that producer prices, state media expenditure, and industrial lobbying expenditure are statistically significant …

overall EU policy, effective lobbying presents a collective action problem to the farmers of the EU as a whole. Indicators of … lobbying, which are based on this perception, are found to explain part of the variation in agricultural support. In Paper [II …

period 1986-2003. Because the CAP is set as an overall EU policy, e¤ective lobbying presents a collective action problem to … the farmers in the EU as a whole. Indicators of lobbying, which are based on this perception, are found to explain part of …

lobbying tends to reduce the level of pollution taxes. We also find that an increase in the environmental concern (i …