Economic performance has been much better than expected, in part due to the authorities' forceful policy response. Nevertheless, Brazil's long-standing challenges of low growth, high debt, and elevated levels of poverty and inequality have been exacerbated by the pandemic. Tragically, more than...

This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that a mild recovery supported by accommodative monetary and fiscal policies is currently under way in Brazil. But the economy is underperforming relative to its potential, public debt is high and increasing, and, more importantly, medium-term growth...

This book describes the reforms needed to move small middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to advanced-economy status. The result of intense discussions with public officials in the countries covered, the book blends rigorous theory, econometrics, and practitioners' insights to come up...