producers in northern Nicaragua who are organized in conventional, organic, and organic-fairtrade certified cooperatives. Our … seen in low yield levels, indebtedness, lack of entrepreneurial skills as well as cooperatives’ management capacities. We …

(informal sector and cooperatives). We find that farmers that supply informal channels are less efficient and earn less profits …

Forming and using cooperatives as marketing channel is usually advised to African smallholder farmers for overcoming … paper, we estimate a two-stage model of commitment to cooperatives by cashew nut farmers in Benin, West Africa. In the first …; the commitment to business depends on prices and transaction costs in the channels. Our findings call cooperatives for …

find that participation in cooperatives has a positive impact on the probability that a farmer chooses to grow specialty … in the specialty coffee segment and in cooperatives would help to lessen some of the hardships brought on by low prices …

Over the last decade Portuguese Agricultural Credit Cooperatives (ACCs) have increasingly face survival challenges …

In this paper we develop a theoretical model of competition among marketing cooperatives (co-ops) in a spatial market …

, color, and age. To discern the impact of ownership structure, we distinguish cooperatives and private wineries. Silver and … wine market (i.e. going for more varietal wines with aging potential that are competitive in terms of quality. Cooperatives …