Mit der wirtschaftlichen Transformation ändert sich die Struktur des Energieverbrauchs: Der Anteil der Industrie nimmt, trotz hoher Energieintensität, ab, der Anteil der Haushalte steigt. Der Gesamtenergieverbrauch sinkt und wird nicht vor dem Jahr 2000 das Niveau von 1990 erreichen. Die...

Electricity is an integral part of all modern economies, supporting a range of critical services from healthcare to banking to transportation. Secure supply of electricity is thus of paramount importance. The structural change from an electricity system based on thermal generation powered by...

Electricity is an integral part of all modern economies, supporting a range of critical services from healthcare to banking to transportation. The secure supply of electricity is thus of paramount importance. The power sector is going through fundamental changes: decarbonisation with fast growth...

Given the salient role that electricity plays in modern economies, the task of ensuring electricity security is a top priority for policy makers. The process is an extensive and complicated one that involves careful consideration of costs and benefits. This chapter summarises the steps involved...

Electric power in OECD countries is mostly produced by large central generating stations, then transmitted along high voltage lines to local distribution systems that carry it to final consumers. Distributed generation plants are different. They produce power on an electricity consumer’s own...

The development of smart grids – which the IEA defines as an electricity network that uses digital and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users – is essential if the global...

Electricity market reform has fundamentally changed the environment for maintaining reliable and secure power supplies, creating a more integrated and dynamic network environment with new real-time challenges for reliable and secure transmission system operation. But despite these fundamental...