/year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative size of the migrant population in the market decreases employment probabilities of … new migrants (negative substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases those of new … migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants approaches to unity, the size …

optimal anti-poverty budgetary rules for two kinds of intervention, direct income transfers and wage employment programmes. …

?s employment outcomes with four other countries ? Bangladesh, Kenya, South Africa, and Vietnam ? where similar methodological … approaches were used. We find that the impact of international trade on manufacturing employment seems to be similar to those …. Thus, the overall effect of international trade on manufacturing employment has been minimal, a surprising result for a …

? and analyzes its impact on employment and investments by multinational corporations in Africa. We use data for 33 … multinational employment ? the effect is indirect liberalization stimulates multinational investments which in turn increases … multinational employment. By increasing investment and employment from multinational firms, these liberalization programmes …