-oriented activities in Pakistan. As a by-product, our estimation approach also tests the existence of perfect labor and factor markets …

Using detailed data from rural Pakistan, this paper investigates whether human capital, learning by doing, gender, and … separate effect of gender and family status. Households seem to operate as hierarchies with sexually segregated spheres of …

This paper reviews donor experience with the design of development projects that are sensitive to gender …-specific constraints. The review finds that the gap between intentions and implementation as regards gender-sensitivity is larger in …

debate by assessing the induced gender employment bias of current taxation policies in these countries. It explores the …Empirical evidence suggests that women are more vulnerable to chronic poverty and gender inequality is likely to … condition the impacts of policies on the rest of the economy and consequently on poverty itself. While gender …

Rural non-farm development plays a key role in generating employment in many developing countries. Clustering is an …

Because land is scarce, farmers in China increasingly have to rely on nonfarm activities to enhance their incomes. The … functioning of rural nonfarm labor markets is therefore crucial in determining who has access to nonfarm employment. Previous … a detailed household survey of northern and northeastern China, this paper shows that guanxi (social networks), has also …

"The rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) accounts for roughly 25 percent of full-time rural employment and 35-40 percent of …

/year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative size of the migrant population in the market decreases employment probabilities of … new migrants (negative substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases those of new … migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants approaches to unity, the size …