Round and a subsequent rush into protectionism. For example, in a scenario where the applied tariffs of major economies … scenario where countries would raise tariffs to maximum rates applied during the past 13 years, world trade would decrease by 3 … billion under the more modest scenario. While such an increase in duties would particularly impact agricultural exports (–6 …

the R&D process. We examine the impact of “at-the-border†policies (import tariffs, import quotas, voluntary export …

to skew markets in their favor. Tariffs and trade barriers routinely exclude developing-country products. Other non …

about one-fourth of total economic activity and 60 percent of total employment in low-income developing countries. Primary …