policy use case studies from South Asia (Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan) and East Asia (Indonesia, the Philippines, and …

This paper examines the recent decentralization of governance in Indonesia and its impact on local infrastructure … provision. The decentralization of decisionmaking power to local jurisdictions in Indonesia may have improved the matching of …

Rural non-farm development plays a key role in generating employment in many developing countries. Clustering is an … in harsh environments, improvements in infrastructure can significantly increase labor productivity in a cluster. In …

functioning of rural nonfarm labor markets is therefore crucial in determining who has access to nonfarm employment. Previous … contacts are more likely to obtain nonfarm jobs. Moreover, guanxi has a larger effect on the nonfarm employment opportunities …

"The rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) accounts for roughly 25 percent of full-time rural employment and 35-40 percent of …

/year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative size of the migrant population in the market decreases employment probabilities of … new migrants (negative substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases those of new … migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants approaches to unity, the size …

This paper reviews the econometric evidence on gender differences in agricultural productivity. It provides a … methodological overview and a critique of (1) production function-based estimates of technical and labor productivity differences by …

productivity, lower high transportation and rural transfer costs, increase rural employment, integrate remote and lower … between defining agriculture as the engine for growth through cash and export cropping, and emphasizing food production …