on growth, employment and poverty in South Africa. More specifically, it examines how men and women have been affected … been driven by rising employment amongst higher-skilled female workers. As such, the decline in poverty amongst female …

Rural non-farm development plays a key role in generating employment in many developing countries. Clustering is an …

functioning of rural nonfarm labor markets is therefore crucial in determining who has access to nonfarm employment. Previous … contacts are more likely to obtain nonfarm jobs. Moreover, guanxi has a larger effect on the nonfarm employment opportunities …

"The rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) accounts for roughly 25 percent of full-time rural employment and 35-40 percent of …

/year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative size of the migrant population in the market decreases employment probabilities of … new migrants (negative substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases those of new … migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants approaches to unity, the size …

productivity, lower high transportation and rural transfer costs, increase rural employment, integrate remote and lower …

Employment programs, particularly labor-intensive public works (LIPW), have a long history in Sub-Saharan Africa … experienced sharp declines in employment and real wages. Labor-intensive public works have the potential to serve as both short …-term sources of employment and long-term generators of growth and productivity increases. They can be designed cost-effectively to …