male and female farmers who are offered index-based agricultural insurance with those who are offered a variety of savings … savings for emergencies, even when we controlled for access to informal insurance and differences in crop choice. We … savings at increasing input spending and use. Those who purchased more insurance realized higher average yields and were …

. This paper shows that such reference dependence can affect savings in opposite directions depending on whether people face … liquidity constraints. Existing models for wealth and intertemporal choice predict that reference dependence reduces savings but … increase optimal savings for people without access to credit. Liquidity constraints force them to take part of an income loss …

activities, and in many rural communities, secure, safe, and convenient savings and payment facilities hardly existed. In …

average rate of developing countries. Previous studies concluded that SSA should increase investment in agricultural research …

increase in farmers� investment in irrigation is essential. While Nigerian farmers� low level of investment in irrigation … an investment. Although reducing transaction costs is important because the reduction provides farmers with a more … return from irrigation investment. …