This research paper is aimed at understanding why border trade policies are today complemented with behind … the R&D process. We examine the impact of “at-the-border†policies (import tariffs, import quotas, voluntary export …

"The formula approach used in many trade negotiations involves large formula cuts in high tariffs, with flexibilities …

' structure of current tariffs and trade and the extent to which the new agreements result in trade diversion versus trade …"By using a global computable general equilibrium model, this report analyzes the impact of various pending free trade … agreements for Peru. In December 2007, a Peru–United States free trade agreement (FTA) was finally ratified by the U.S. Congress …

The Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) entered its second phase of implementation in 2008. The creation … of a free trade area is expected to affect its participants—Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and … Sri Lanka—very differently given their diversity in terms of size, income, and structure of trade and protection. Using …

Agricultural trade policies, in particular import tariffs to protect domestic production, constitute a highly contested …

Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), raising the question of whether the EU reforms provide a template for new policies. And among …"Sugar is one of the most highly protected agricultural commodities worldwide. This protection depresses trade … developing countries in Africa and elsewhere there are low-cost producers that would benefit from more open trade but others who …

system (HS6), i.e. more than 5000 products, for the year 2004. It includes ad valorem equivalents on MFN tariffs for 169 … and compound tariffs and tariff rate quotasdata are also provided, at the same level of detail. In this paper we present … provide evidence on the world applied protection in 2004. Finally we investigate variations in tariffs occurred between 2001 …

countries have distorted rice trade. This study estimates the impact of rice policy distortions on developing countries' rice … production and trade potential. Because rice markets are highly segmented, major rice types are differentiated to estimate the … trade would also be affected by a reduction of the high over-quota tariff." from Authors' Abstract …