We document that structural change accounts for approximately one-fifth of the total change in labor productivity in …, significant gains to aggregate labor productivity are still available from further shifts of labor to higher-productivity sectors …. We discuss the factors limiting structural change, which include poor agricultural productivity, insufficient infrastruc …

productivity, growth declines and the GDP share of the nontraded sector further increases. Smart use of oil revenue thus not only … involves the creation of an oil fund but also spending inflows on productivity-enhancing investment. Whether public investments … investment-to-productivity-growth efficiency, public investments take longer to overcome the negative growth effects the higher …