transport, trade policy, uncertainty, and identifies areas where higher costs may persist even after the pandemic is contained. …

It has sometimes been argued that "globalization" benefits only a small number of countries, and that this leads to … greater marginalization of excluded countries. This paper argues that globalization is not necessarily biased towards greater …, marginalization is not intrinsic to globalization. Key Words: Globalization, international trade and investment flows concentration. …

Proper measurement and aggregation of trade costs is of paramount importance for sound academic and policy analysis of … the determinants - particularly those of policy - of economic outcomes. The international trade profession has witnessed …

The theme of this year’s Report is “Trade in a Globalizing World”. The Report provides a reminder of what we know about … range of interlinking questions, starting with a consideration of what constitutes globalization, what drives it, what … benefits does it bring, what challenges does it pose and what role does trade play in this world of ever-growing inter …

potential to transform international trade profoundly in the years to come. The World Trade Report 2018 examines how digital …

This paper discusses principles and functions of the IMF. The IMF is a specialized agency of the United Nations system … set up by treaty in 1945 to help promote the health of the world economy. Through its work, the IMF helps to keep the … world economy running as smoothly as possible. Its work is aimed partly at the prevention of economic and financial crises …