Identifies to what extent, and in which way external shocks and the need for a different development pattern has affected economic growth in for Eastern European countries.

Shows that diffusion of microelectronic machinery has not progressed far and that labour displacement effects do not appear very important at this stage.

Covers the period from 1975 to 1990 and gives projections to the year 2000. Focuses on two segments of the footwear industry: the production of women's leather footwear and sports footwear. The study is supplemented by an interview survey conducted in eight of the largest export firms.

Provides an overview of what international labour standards mean for employers and managers. Covers freedom of association and the right to organize; collective bargaining; non-discrimination; forced labour; child labour; minimum wage rates; and occupational safety and health.

Drawing on the experience of semi-industrialised countries in technological accumulation, discusses how developing countries can take better advantage of foreign technology. Considers in particular how domestic technological capabilities and skills can be mobilised.