better credit ratings, better fiscal discipline, and less corruption, after controlling for other socioeconomic variables …

Anecdotal evidence relates corruption with high levels of military spending. This paper tests empirically whether such … the period 1985–98. The association between military spending and corruption is ascertained by using panel regression … techniques. The results suggest that corruption is indeed associated with higher military spending as a share of both GDP and …

kickbacks these projectspresent. This paper contends that such corruption increases the numberof capital projects undertaken and …

design and implement strategies to address it. Corruption has a broader corrosive impact on society. It undermines trust in … countries score better on corruption indices than many advanced countries. Corruption has a pernicious effect on the economy …This paper outlines the IMF's perspective on the economic impact of corrup-tion and experience in helping countries …

International trade and law of the WTO -- The World Trade Organization -- WTO dispute settlement -- Most favoured …

This paper develops and tests two efficiency wage models of corruption in the civil service. Under fair wage models …, civil service wages are an important determinant of corruption. Under shirking models, the level of wages is of secondary … importance, as potential bribes dwarf wage income. The empirical evidence points to a negative relationship between corruption …

corruption and presentsrecent evidence on the extent to which corruption affects investment,economic growth, and government … expenditure choices. The evidence presented here suggests that corruption may have considerable adverseeffects on economic growth …

Drawing on recent examples of corruption in the Baltics and former Soviet Union, this pamphlet analyzes the links … between governance and corruption, and emphasizes the high economic cost that corruption exacts. The pamphlet outlines how the … IMF is working with the countries of the former Soviet Union to curb corruption, and put in place the regulatory and legal …