The structuralist perspective envisages poverty, especially in rural India, as a long duration phenomenon. Over time …, most of the structural features of poverty have remained more or less intact. As a result, a large proportion of the poor … poverty measured in terms of average expenditure of the households. Thus, incidence of poverty in India declined from 52 per …

The discussion focusses on women in poverty their concentration in rural and urban areas, and the organisational …