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Social Security Tax Reform and Unemployment : A General Equilibrium Analysis for France

International Monetary Fund - 1997

large an effect on employment as untargeted reductions for equal initial budgetary cost, while employee social security tax … reductions have a negative effect on employment. They also point to the presence of “self-financing,” whereby reductions in … various tax rates lead to lower budget deficits in the long run, as a result of an expanding tax base and lower unemployment …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014401626

Spend Now, Pay Later? : Tax Smoothing and Fiscal Sustainability in South Asia

International Monetary Fund - 1999

This paper tests a version of Barro’s tax-smoothing model, which assumes intertemporal optimization by a government seeking to minimize the distortionary costs of taxation, using Pakistan and Sri Lankan data for 1956-95 and 1964-97, respectively. The empirical results indicate that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400655

Distributional Implications of Government Tax and Expenditure Policies : Issues, Problems, and Methodology

International Monetary Fund - 1988

This paper examines the methodological issues arising in the measurement of the distributional impact of tax and expenditure policies, with emphasis on the problems related to the measurement of the impact of adjustment programs on the welfare of the poor. Both conceptual and empirical...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396116

Do Government Wage Cuts Close Budget Deficits? : A Conceptual Framework for Developing Countries and Transition Economies

International Monetary Fund - 1996

Real wage declines have been common in the public sector in many countries over substantial periods of time. In several cases, such wage reductions have coincided with a decline in the efficiency of the public sector. In a simple analytical framework, it is shown that higher wage levels alter...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396160

Tax Credits for Debt Reduction : A Proposal

International Monetary Fund - 1989

The incentives for domestic investment in debtor countries are influenced by the terms of their external obligations and by the system of taxation utilized to provide government revenue for debt payments. It is well known that existing debt contracts could be altered to improve the incentives...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396221

Tax Incentives and International Capital Flows : The Case of the United States and Japan

International Monetary Fund - 1989

This paper explores how the tax treatment of investment and savings affects international capital flows as well as national and global welfare. Focusing on portfolio investment, it evaluates the international effects of capital income taxes in the United States and Japan. During the 1980s, these...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396441

Some Microeconomics of Fiscal Deficit Reductions : The Case of Tax Expenditures

International Monetary Fund - 1989

This paper considers the merits of reducing or eliminating some specific tax expenditure measures currently in force in the United States with a view to reducing the federal fiscal deficit. The paper starts from the observation that savings decisions in the United States are distorted and that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396455

Fiscal Policy. Locational Decisions, and Exchange Rates

International Monetary Fund - 1989

The paper distinguishes between three different channels through which fiscal policy changes may be transmitted to exchange rates. Based on both the balance of payments identity and empirical observations, it is argued that trade balances and exchange rates may be quite responsive to changes in...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396476

International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes

International Monetary Fund - 1987

Much of the recent research of the international economic consequences of budget deficit has been conducted under the assumption that taxes are lump sum. It has thus abstracted from important issues that arise in the context of distortionary tax systems. Our analysis deals with the international...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396501

Optimal Tax/Expenditure Competition Strategy of Governments in the Presence of Time Inconsistency : The Case for Investment Tax Abacemencs

International Monetary Fund - 1990

Businesses which seek the location that offers the highest profitability are likely to consider tax incentives and the level of government services available. However, once a business commits itself to a locality, high moving costs render it vulnerable to future tax increases or denial of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396504