. These crises affect poverty and the distribution of income through a variety of channels: slowdowns in economic activity … incidence of poverty and income distribution, and discusses policy options that can be considered by governments in the … with an increase in poverty and, in some cases, income inequality. The provison of targeted safety nets and the protection …

This paper examines developments in Albania’s income distribution and poverty during the transition to a market …, the decline in state enterprise employment, emigrant remittances, and social safety nets. Income and consumption data … consumption data, however, a large decline in urban real incomes is implausible. Poverty in both the urban and the rural …

payments, remittances, and securities settlement processes in El Salvador, based on international standards and best practices …

worker remittances. It addresses the many common policy challenges facing Central American countries--Costa Rica, El Salvador …

. The model is estimated for Pakistan and is used to analyze the country’s recent high growth-low inflation experience. In … particular, the contribution that external inflows, in the form of workers’ remittances and concessional lending, may have made …

This paper evaluates Pakistan’s Financial System Stability Assessment, including Reports on the Observance of Standards …

This Technical Note examines the condition of the banking system for Pakistan. The number of commercial banks and …