offer potential benefits to countries, but their size and volatility can also pose policy challenges. The Fund needs to be …

indicators, the contributors have delved into the ways that global volatility, especially since 2008, has affected Indones …

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. We incorporate a multi … exchange rate volatility depends on relative technological differences and trade costs. These differences highlight a new … volatility. We then test the importance of this channel using a large panel of cross-country data over 1970-97, and find strong …

volatility creates risks to service provision, possibly entailing sudden tax changes, or even requiring new borrowing. After … fiscal savings (reserves), and the impact alternate policy choices could have on revenue volatility …

We study the impact of a minimum wage on business cycle volatility, depending upon its coverage and adjustment … precluding active monetary policy. Adjustment to past shocks has relied on flexible domestic prices. We find that a minimum wage … affecting 20 percent of employees would amplify output volatility by 0.2 percent to 9.2 percent, and employment volatility by ?1 …

The easing of controls on interest rates has led to higher interest rate volatility in India. Hence, there is a need to …

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. The channel is examined by constructing … higher trade costs result in a larger nontradable sector. This, in turn, leads to higher real exchange rate volatility. We …

This study characterizes volatility dynamics in external emerging bond markets and examines how prices and volatility … markets are found to a¤ect both conditional returns and volatility, with the e¤ects on volatility being more pronounced and … longer lasting than those on prices. Yet the process of information absorption tends to be more drawn out than in mature bond …

decision was reached at the ministerial meeting of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in November 1982 …