Central government wage expenditures accounted for 7 percent of GDP in 99 countries during 1980-90 (unweighted average). Regression analysis indicates that federations, countries with high populations and high per capita incomes, heavily indebted countries, and small low-income economies tend to...

Although Turkey’s economic performance has been strong, growing external imbalances exposed the country to a reversal of sentiment. In the wake of recent market turbulence, the authorities have recommitted to strong policies and stepped up program implementation. The authorities’ commitment...

This paper examines Turkey’s Seventh Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, and Requests for Waiver of Applicability and Nonobservance of Performance Criteria. Successful macroeconomic management delivered an impressive economic performance in 2003. However, budget slippages interrupted this...

Turkey’s Fifth Review and Inflation Consultation under the Stand-By Arrangement and a Request for Waiver of Nonobservance and Applicability of Performance Criteria are discussed. Despite sharply higher interest rates, a weaker lira, and lower asset prices, economic activity has remained robust...

This paper discusses Turkey’s Request for Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) and Extension of Repurchase Expectations. Turkey’s economic program has delivered impressive results. Output has grown rapidly, inflation has fallen to its lowest level in a generation, and government debt has declined...

Prudent macroeconomic policies helped Turkey to achieve economic growth under the Stand-By Arrangement. Executive Directors welcomed this development and stressed the need to widen the account deficit. They emphasized the need of a strong budget, powerful monetary and fiscal policies, and...

This report focuses on Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency for Turkey. Turkey has continued to make progress toward meeting the requirements of the fiscal transparency code, in particular through a substantial overhaul of the legal system. The adoption of the Public...

This report examines the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Data Module for Turkey. Progress in data quality reflects the authorities’ commitment to set statistical development on a high and sustainable path, and to address remaining challenges. A cornerstone of this effort is the more...

This paper reviews economic developments in Turkey during 1992–96. The Turkish economy rebounded in 1995, with real gross national product rising by 8.1 percent, reversing the decline of 6.1 percent in 1994. A strong pickup in activity in the second and third quarters of 1995 more than...