, Germany, Italy, and Spain. The paper discusses that during 2001–04, the performance of the external sector differed markedly …This cross-country paper explains differences in external sector performance among four large euro area countries—France …

Union is a major achievement but also a difficult process in the four countries (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) …

, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Together, these agreements provide a total of …

Germany. Germany's focus on actual, rather than cyclically adjusted, fiscal goals and outcomes carries the risk of rendering …

considerable headwinds. Several conditions are now in place in Germany for a domestic demand-led recovery. Employment creation has … been robust and unemployment at 5.3 percent is at a postreunification low. Executive Directors have commended Germany … environment. Directors have underscored Germany’s pivotal role in reducing euro area and global imbalances …

This paper examines and compares the instruments and procedures currently employed by the central banks of France …, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States for implementing monetary policy in the short run. The analysis …

This 1999 Article IV Consultation highlights that the monetary conditions in Germany have eased significantly since …

imbalances is traced, and their persistent character highlighted in the Federal Republic of Germany. On macroeconomic policies … other collusive agreements. Among economists, there is a broad agreement that structural reforms in Germany would greatly …