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Wage Expenditures of Central Governments
International Monetary Fund - 1995
Central government wage expenditures accounted for 7 percent of GDP in 99 countries during 1980-90 (unweighted average … countries, and small low-income economies tend to have lower central government wage expenditures as a percent of GDP. Access to … foreign financing is not; the public and publicly guaranteed foreign financing is often provided for government capital …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014398730
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Optimum currency areas : new analytical and policy developments
Bléjer, Mario I. (ed.) - International Monetary Fund - 1997
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000967231
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Government budgeting and expenditure controls : theory and practice
Premchand, Arigapudi; Premchand, A. - 1983
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000637896
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Balance of payments concepts and definitions
1976 - 2. ed. Reprinted
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000577012
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Advancing the frontiers of monetary policy
Adrian, Tobias (ed.); Laxton, Douglas (ed.);  … - 2018
Inflation-forecast targeting is state of the art for monetary policy. This book explores first principles, including managing short-term policy trade-offs. The book also outlines efficient operational procedures and reviews the experiences of Canada, the Czech Republic, and India. The analysis...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011874333
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A supply-side look at tax incentives : definition, design, and selection criteria of efficient tax incentives
Sanchez-Ugarte, Fernando (contributor);  … - 1985
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003248497
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Market Information and Signaling in Central Bank Operations, Or, How often Should a Central Bank Intervene?
International Monetary Fund - 1997
A central bank must decide on the frequency with which it will conduct open market operations and the variability in short-term money market that it will allow. It is shown how the optimal operating procedure balances the value of attaining an immediate target and broadcasting the central...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400555
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Anticipation and Surprises in Central Bank Interest Rate Policy : The Case of the Bundesbank
International Monetary Fund - 1998
Market reaction to a change in official interest rates will depend on the extent to which the change is anticipated, and on how it is interpreted as a signal of future policy. In this paper, a technique is developed to separate the anticipated and unanticipated components of such changes and is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400820
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Public Sector Efficiency and Fiscal Austerity
International Monetary Fund - 1998
private sector output Y. The government is fully informed about worker productivity. By examining the welfare properties of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400822
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The Design of Instruments for Government Finance in an Islamic Economy
International Monetary Fund - 1998
This paper presents perhaps the most viable approach for the design of an instrument of government finance (and … return are forbidden. Resources to finance government infrastructural and development projects can be mobilized by issuing a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400833