The paper assesses the degree of banking competition and efficiency in Italy?over time as well as compared to that in … highcost, high-income system, particularly with respect to retail/services, and efficiency gains have yet to fully materialize …

-run economic growth (G-20, 2014).2 However, the economic and social impact of public investment crucially depends on its efficiency … empirical studies of the determinants of public investment efficiency. This paper explores the link between public investment … management (PIM) institutions and the efficiency of public investment for the G-20 countries. Based on the analysis from a recent …

investment critically depends on its efficiency. Comparing the value of public capital (input) and measures of infrastructure … percent. The economic dividends from closing this efficiency gap are substantial: the most efficient public investors get …

or may not improve economic efficiency …

Europe is facing slower growth as a result of protracted financial turbulence and spillovers from the U.S. Meanwhile … risks to real activity with the need to anchor inflation. Emerging Europe is well placed to continue to grow, albeit at a …

Europe's contraction is ending, but the recovery is fragile. Policymakers should look beyond the crisis to secure a …

This paper examines the impact of the opening up of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union on Western Europe. The …

implications of current policies for future public finances. This could be problematic, including in the case of Europe, where …, even in excess of its GDP level, and is projected to worsen further over time. This suggests that Europe’s current policies …