Although the economic growth of Romania has resumed, it has boosted downside risks. However, the country has continued its strong performance under the new program in strengthening macroeconomic policies, accelerating structural reforms, and consolidating economic development. In conclusion, the...

This technical note on the Republic of Poland underlies the country’s credit, growth, and financial stability. A broad-based statistical and econometric analysis of financial and household balance sheet data implies that exchange rate-related credit risk and liquidity risk are currently...

Indonesia’ 2008 Article IV Consultation reports that Indonesia’s growth performance remains strong despite the deteriorating global environment. The economy remains vulnerable to shifts in investor sentiment, and volatility in the government bond market has increased. The new...

This Selected Issues paper discusses Romania’s modeling monetary policy. A simple Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS) for Romania has been designed to help in the preparation of the IMF staff’s forecasts and policy assessments. A major advantage of this approach is that...

This paper discusses key findings of the Review Under the Flexible Credit Line (FCL) for Colombia. The FCL arrangement has provided Colombia an additional coverage against adverse external shocks, in the context of strong monetary and fiscal policies. Colombia’s strong institutional and...

Colombia’s economy has performed well in recent years. This 2008 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic growth in 2006–07 exceeded the regional average by a substantial margin. The authorities have acted swiftly to bolster confidence and ensure that the private sector...

The 2008 Article IV Consultation with the Russian Federation highlights that the Russian banking system has proven to be relatively resilient in the face of worldwide turmoil. The central bank is still intervening heavily in the foreign exchange market, and Russia’s banking system is...

The Russian Federation economy saw growth of about 4 percent and a current account surplus—the result of favorable harvest, high oil prices, and reduced unemployment and inflation. Implementation of structural reforms initiated by the Central Bank of Russia (CBR), managing domestic...

This 2011 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of Trinidad and Tobago is turning the corner, and growth is expected to resume in 2012 after an extended slowdown lasting three years. Real economic activity is expected to increase by 1.7 percent in 2012 as the nonenergy sector picks...

The Serbian economy has continued to grow strongly, but external imbalances have widened along with vulnerabilities. To contain domestic demand, fiscal surpluses are needed, until the benefits of structural reforms are reaped. Low inflation should be entrenched by adoption of inflation targeting...