financial sector is scarcely used to finance their investments. The lack of funding for the SME sector, or its high cost, has a …

This Selected Issues paper reviews developments in health care spending in France and discusses the recent measures to … past reforms, the new measures offer a reasonable hope of containing France’s health expenditures. The paper presents a …

This paper describes economic developments in France during 1990–95. Partner country demand recovered markedly in the …

This paper describes economic developments in France during the 1990s. The recovery of activity that took hold in the …

This Selected Issues paper addresses the question of what policy changes in France are needed under European Monetary … stabilizers in France under EMU. The main conclusions is that over the past two and a half decades, fiscal policy operated in a … clear countercyclical way in France, but this reflected essentially the functioning of automatic stabilizers …

competitiveness, and also examines the labor market dynamics and economic policy of France …

This Selected Issues paper analyzes developments and issues in banking and financial markets in France. The paper … sequencing of financial sector modernization. The analysis concludes that, on balance, France has successfully modernized its …

This note estimates potential output for France during 1980–2010, using three distinct approaches, and discusses long …