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Policy Reform, Shadow Prices, and Market Prices

International Monetary Fund - 1988

How should possible policy reforms and projects be assessed when prices give misleading signals? Revenues and costs at market prices then give distorted measures of social gains and losses and our appraisal should use social opportunity costs, or correctly defined, shadow prices. We show how...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396134

The Demand Cor International Reserves and their Opportunity Cost

International Monetary Fund - 1988

An empirical study that shows that countries’ reserve holdings are sensitive to the rates at which they can borrow on international financial markets, this analysis confirms the view that holding major currencies as reserve assets has costs that are frequently unrecognized. Between 1978-82 for...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014395904

Estimating Potential Output with a Multivariate Filter

International Monetary Fund - 2010

This paper develops a simple model for measuring potential output that uses data on inflation, unemployment, and capacity utilization. We apply the model to 10 countries, in addition to the United States and the euro area. While there is a substantial amount of uncertainty around our estimates,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014403161

Trends and Cycles in the U.S. Economy

International Monetary Fund - 1990

The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014395945

Interpreting Real Exchange Rate Movements in Transition Countries

International Monetary Fund - 2001

that these appreciations reflect underlying productivity gains in the tradable sector. Using panel data over the period … 1993-98, the results show clear evidence of productivity-driven exchange rate movements in the central and eastern European … expect to experience further productivity-driven real exchange rate appreciations. Evidence from a large cross-section of non …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014403602

International Spillovers of Taxiation

International Monetary Fund - 1989

This paper highlights key issues pertinent for the understanding of international effects of domestic tax policies and of international tax harmonization. The analytical framework adopts the saving-investment balance approach to the analysis of international economic interdependence focusing on...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396181

Deconstructing the International Business Cycle : Why Does a U.S. Sneeze Give the Rest of the World a Cold?

International Monetary Fund - 2010

The 2008 crisis underscored the interconnectedness of the international business cycle, with U.S. shocks leading to the largest global slowdown since the 1930s. We estimate spillover effects across major advanced country regions in a structural VAR (SVAR) using pre-crisis data. Our new method...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014402644

Model of the U.S. Current Account

International Monetary Fund - 1988

This paper presents an econometric model of U.S. current account transactions. The model is used to analyze the factors behind the deterioration in the U.S. external position during the 1980s and to examine the sensitivity of the U.S. current account balance to changes in factors which are its...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396470

Money Demand in the United States

International Monetary Fund - 1988

This paper considers the demand for various monetary aggregates with a view to assessing their potential roles as intermediate variables for monetary policy. Illustrative estimates using a generalized autoregressive distributed lag model are presented. For M1, the results support an “error...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396094

Turkmenistan : The Burden of Current Agricultural Policies

International Monetary Fund - 2000

This paper analyses the economic costs of current agricultural policies in Turkmenistan. It argues that the opportunity cost of continuing with these policies is very high for the budget, the average farmer, and the economy as a whole. The paper calls for the development of nontraditional...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014399893

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