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Selected Euro-Area Countries : Rules-Based Fiscal Policy and Job-Rich Growth in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain-Report with Supplementary Information
International Monetary Fund - 2001
Fiscal deficits and the public debt has grown throughout much of the postwar period in most industrialized countries under the pressure of rising public expenditure, a trend that has begun to reverse after 1992. A number of studies argue that fiscal consolidation in association with expenditure...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014407227
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Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) : Labor Market Reforms to Boost Employment and Productivity in the GCC
International Monetary Fund - 2013
-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill … is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014410425
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Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies
International Monetary Fund - 2012
This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging …. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment … principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014410536
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Western Europe in transition : the impact of the opening up of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union ; [main paper ; panel discussion]
DeFontenay, Patrick; Gomel, Giorgio; Hochreiter, Eduard; … - 1995
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000563647
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Output Decline in Transition : The Case of Kazakhstan
International Monetary Fund - 1998
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the output decline in Kazakhstan in the early years of the transition. The decline is documented at the aggregate and sectoral levels, and the quality of the available data is reviewed. A growth accounting framework quantifies the productivity slowdown...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400556
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Transformations to Open Market Operations : Developing Countries and Emerging Markets
International Monetary Fund - 1997
Open market operations are the major instruments of monetary control in industrial countries and are becoming important in developing countriesand countries in transition. This paper shows how open market operationsare related to other monetary instruments, discusses the role of the market and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014402763
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Transition Economies : How Appropriate is the Size and Scope of Government?
International Monetary Fund - 2001
have retrenched in terms of public expenditures in relation to GDP, as well as public employment as a share of population …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014403626
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Banking Crises and Bank Resolution : Experiences in Some Transition Economies
International Monetary Fund - 2002
Like most transition economies, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Mongolia suffered severe banking crises, which had to be resolved before growth could resume. The macroeconomic and institutional failings that led to these crises are described, and parallels are drawn with the causes of banking crises in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014403652
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The Czech and Slovak Federal Republic : An Economy in Transition
International Monetary Fund - 1990
This paper is based on an internal report prepared by the IMF staff in connection with the application of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (Czechoslovakia) for membership in the IMF. The paper surveys the economic system that had developed up to the time of the reforms begun in 1987 and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014399300