This paper describes economic developments in Mongolia during the 1990s. Real GDP growth accelerated to 6 percent in 1995, the second year of positive growth since the transition to a market economy commenced. The main impetus to growth was again provided by the strong performance of...

This paper describes economic developments in Mongolia during the 1990s. Real GDP grew by a robust 6 percent in 1995, but this success proved to be short lived. The sharp improvement in the terms of trade in 1995 boosted incomes and eased the financial constraints of the budget, enterprises, and...

This Background Paper analyzes the social expenditures in Mongolia during the 1990s. The paper highlights that the share of social protection expenditure in total expenditure of the general government has been dropping since 1990, mainly as a result of reduced subsidies after price...

This Selected Issues paper analyzes economic development in Mongolia during 1997–99. Economic performance in 1997 was impressive. Aided by strong political support for rapid reform and a generally favorable external environment, financial policies were tightened, and significant reductions in...

The Mongolian financial system is dominated by commercial banks. The nonbank financial sector, including insurance and the stock market, is small. The current level of dollarization exposes Mongolia’s financial system to risk. The authorities are in the process of establishing the Development...

This paper reviews Mongolia’s Economic Growth Support Poverty Reduction Strategy (EGSPRS) Implementation Progress Report 2004. Mongolia’s GDP grew by 5.6 percent in 2003, a fulfillment of the goal set out in the Main Guidelines for Economic and Social Development in 2003 to attain at least...

The economy of Mongolia was extremely affected during the crisis, owing to its dependency on mineral exports and history of procyclical macroeconomic policies. In this study, the ex post evaluation (EPE) of Mongolia’s experience is reviewed. The EPE focused on program design and...

To help economic adjustment in the midst of the global economic crisis, an 18-month Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) was supported by IMF resources. The cause of Mongolia’s crisis in 2008–09 and its resolution and design and outcomes of the program are also discussed. The trigger for Mongolia’s...

The vast mineral deposits of Mongolia, if properly managed, could make available large budgetary resources, which would help address a wide range of its economic challenges. This report focuses on Mongolia’s selected issues in the mining sector, government employment and wages, and saving and...