—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. The paper discusses that during 2001–04, the performance of the external sector differed markedly …

-looking monetary policy decisions. The bias is higher for countries whose monetary policy was more independent of Germany …

macroeconomic imbalances and risk exposure of the financial sector. This Handbook provides, for the first time, comprehensive …

past gains and losses on investors'' risk aversion. We first present a simple model on how heterogeneous changes in … investors'' risk aversion affect portfolio decisions and stock prices. Second, we empirically show that, when funds'' returns …

developing countries been responsible for thelowered wages of the unskilled, increased unemployment, and widenedincome inequality …

In flow models of the labor market, wages are determined by negotiations between workers and employers on the surplus …

The growth rate of real hourly wages in France has fallen below the trend growth rate of total factor productivity. The …. Microeconometric estimations provide evidence of an outward shift in the relationship between wages and unemployment that is …

We study the determinants of employment and wages in the public sector, using a new set of panel data for 34 LDCs and … countries and private employment for OECD countries). Certain measures of government wages are positively associated with …

Spain (Spain), amendments to the 2010 NPA with the Government of Japan (Japan), and a new note purchase agreement (NPA) with … the People's Bank of China (China). The new borrowing agreement with Spain, the amendments to the NPA with Japan, and the … February 22, 2017, for Spain; April 20, 2017, for Japan; and April 21, 2017, for China. Pursuant to Section III, paragraph 2 of …

This 2001 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of Spain grew by more than 4 percent annually during 1997 …