Forward-looking behavior on the part of the monetary authority leads least squares estimates to understate the true growth consequences of monetary policy interventions. We present instrumental variables estimates of the impact of interest rates on real output growth for several European...

The sharp increase in fiscal deficits and public debt in most advanced and several developing economies has raised concerns about the sustainability of public finances and highlighted the need for a significant adjustment over the medium term. This paper assesses the usefulness of fiscal rules...

This paper presents a brief survey of the empirical literature on survey-based exchange rate expectations. The literature in general supports the presence of a non-zero risk premium and rejects the hypothesis of rational expectations. The crucial result is that, while short-run expectations tend...

This paper presents Selected Decisions and Selected Documents' Ninth Issue of the IMF. This volume, the Ninth Issue of Selected Decisions of the IMF and Selected Documents, contains the decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF to...

This paper explains various selected decisions of the IMF's Executive Directors. The IMF has examined certain problems relating to the adjustment of its holdings of fluctuating currencies and to transactions and computations involving such currencies and has come to several conclusions. The IMF...

This paper presents Selected Decisions and Selected Documents' Eleventh Issue of the IMF. This volume, the Eleventh Issue of Selected Decisions of the IMF and Selected Documents, presents the decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF...

This paper proposes for adoption by the Executive Board as guidelines for Committees of the Executive Board when considering the amount of a subscription that should be paid in reserve assets. In applying the guidelines, a Committee shall pay due regard to present and prospective economic and...

This paper presents Selected Decisions and Selected Documents' Third Issue of the IMF. Dealings in paper money and coins are deemed to be 'other exchange transactions' within the meaning of Article IV, Section 3, whether or not the importation and exportation of such money and coins to and from...

This paper analyses several IMF's selected decisions of the Executive Board and selected documents. The Executive Board has reviewed the procedures relating to the IMF's surveillance over members' exchange rate policies. Whenever the Managing Director considers that important economic or...

This volume is the Seventh Issue of Selected Decisions of the IMF and Selected Documents. It contains the decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Directors and the Board of Governors of the IMF to which frequent reference is made in the current activities of the Fund. In...