This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. We incorporate a multi … exchange rate volatility depends on relative technological differences and trade costs. These differences highlight a new … volatility. We then test the importance of this channel using a large panel of cross-country data over 1970-97, and find strong …

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. The channel is examined by constructing … higher trade costs result in a larger nontradable sector. This, in turn, leads to higher real exchange rate volatility. We …

due to overvaluation and higher volatility of the real exchange rate lower growth. Regarding the effect of undervaluation …

This paper studies the impact of the level and volatility of the commodity terms of trade on economic growth, as well … of trade growth enhances real output per capita, volatility exerts a negative impact on economic growth operating mainly … trade volatility offset the positive impact of commodity booms; and export diversification of primary commodity abundant …

the People's Bank of China (China). The new borrowing agreement with Spain, the amendments to the NPA with Japan, and the … new NPA with China provide new resources of SDR 450 million, SDR 1.8 billion and SDR 800 million, respectively, to the … February 22, 2017, for Spain; April 20, 2017, for Japan; and April 21, 2017, for China. Pursuant to Section III, paragraph 2 of …