Using domestic and export price data and a framework of markup over cost, pricing behavior of U.S. and Japanese … manufacturers is compared. Major export industries in Japan have higher productivity growth and lower pass-through coefficients than … American exporters, who tend to price to domestic cost. Japanese firms seem to price discriminate between domestic, and export …

Europe is facing slower growth as a result of protracted financial turbulence and spillovers from the U.S. Meanwhile … risks to real activity with the need to anchor inflation. Emerging Europe is well placed to continue to grow, albeit at a …

Europe's contraction is ending, but the recovery is fragile. Policymakers should look beyond the crisis to secure a …

This paper examines the impact of the opening up of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union on Western Europe. The …

implications of current policies for future public finances. This could be problematic, including in the case of Europe, where …, even in excess of its GDP level, and is projected to worsen further over time. This suggests that Europe’s current policies …