. Against the backdrop of continuing financial globalization and a series of emerging market crises since 1997, there have been …

This paper studies the impact of the level and volatility of the commodity terms of trade on economic growth, as well … of trade growth enhances real output per capita, volatility exerts a negative impact on economic growth operating mainly … trade volatility offset the positive impact of commodity booms; and export diversification of primary commodity abundant …

The Global Informal Workforce is a fresh look at the informal economy around the world and its impact on the …

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. We incorporate a multi … exchange rate volatility depends on relative technological differences and trade costs. These differences highlight a new … volatility. We then test the importance of this channel using a large panel of cross-country data over 1970-97, and find strong …

This paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility. The channel is examined by constructing … higher trade costs result in a larger nontradable sector. This, in turn, leads to higher real exchange rate volatility. We …

and world commodity supplies and the real exchange rate and real commodity prices. It is shown that fiscal expansion and … increasing world commodity supplies simultaneously lead to an appreciation of the real exchange rate and a decline in relative …

due to overvaluation and higher volatility of the real exchange rate lower growth. Regarding the effect of undervaluation …