This paper presents the functional responsibilities of a central bank which is required to maintain systemic financial stability without having supervisory oversight of individual financial institutions. Although the Financial Services Authority (FSA) has responsibility for supervising...

This paper examines the generation of financial crises in developing economies and shows that the microeconomic structure of the financial sector is a crucial factor in creating the conditions for a crisis. Structural problems of the financial system in developing countries, including implicit...

This paper describes a financial system that should be adopted for the 21st century. The paper highlights that the financial crisis of 2008 has raised fundamental questions about how the financial industry is structured, managed, and regulated. The paper discusses that a well-functioning...

This report evaluates the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendations for Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) for New Zealand (NZ). The assessment reveals that since its last evaluation in 1998, NZ has made few...

This report focuses on the observance of standards and codes on the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) recommendations for antimoney laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) in Greece. It reveals that Greece’s legal requirements in place to combat...

This report focuses on the Observance of Standards and Codes for the Financial Action Task Force 40 (FATF) recommendations for antimoney laundering (AML) and nine special recommendations for combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) in Cape Verde. The assessment reveals that Cape Verde has...

Gibraltar’s Detailed Assessment Report on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism is reviewed. The principal AML risk to Gibraltar is lodged in its professional sector, which is likely to be involved in the layering and integration of proceeds of crime. There...

The Netherlands has a long-standing legal framework concerning Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism preventive measures, which dates back to 1993. The legal framework for Customer Due Diligence is generally adequate; however, a number of provisions are problematic. The...

This report provides a summary of the level of observance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and recommendations to strengthen their observance. IMF staff reviewed the institutional framework, relevant laws, regulations, guidelines, and other requirements to deter money laundering (ML)...

Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world and, after decades of ongoing conflicts and strife, it is still at an early stage of developing its legal and institutional framework. Measures have been taken to fight crime, including financial crime. Smuggling and fraud are other major...