-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill … is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or …

developing countries been responsible for thelowered wages of the unskilled, increased unemployment, and widenedincome inequality …

. Microeconometric estimations provide evidence of an outward shift in the relationship between wages and unemployment that is …The growth rate of real hourly wages in France has fallen below the trend growth rate of total factor productivity. The … distribution of wage and earnings growth has not been uniform across deciles. A breakdown in employment growth by wage deciles also …

Union is a major achievement but also a difficult process in the four countries (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) …

This Selected Issues paper reviews recent developments in growth and employment in Bulgaria and highlights key … and financial stabilization in 1997. The global economic crisis had a major effect on Bulgarian growth and employment … its 2008 level. However, employment growth was negative during 2009–2012, and the first small uptick occurred only in …

methodology is applied to Polish micro data. The estimates confirm that wages are less elastic in a high-unemployment … wages, and thus, on the labor market and the real economy, were limited until 1998, but have been quite significant …

combination of posted reservation wages, depending on parameters. We also show how wages, profits, and unemployment depend on …-specific variable, it is known that there are K reservation wages that could be posted, but generically never more than two actually are … posted in equilibrium. What is unknown is when we get two wages, and which wages are actually posted. For an example with K …

moderation. The paper identifies structural shifts in the relationship between wages and unemployment rates—a “wage curveâ … relationship with unemployment rates and business GDP. The paper also examines aspects of the European Central Bank’s monetary …

In flow models of the labor market, wages are determined by negotiations between workers and employers on the surplus … market flows on wage formation as an alternative to the traditional specification of wage equations in which unemployment …